I’m writing this from Cairo, Egypt, where Cindy and I have been celebrating our upcoming 40th wedding anniversary with all of our kids and grandkids. If you know us, you know that our nest is emptier than most, so we sure do love the rare occasions when we can all be together! Being spread across three continents, Cairo was a central place for us all to gather.
It’s been a vacation we will never forget. The highlight, of course, was simply being together “in person” and getting to know our grandsons, who are now almost 5 and almost 2!
But touring Egypt was itself a delight; the highlight being the Pyramids. We walked around them and even got to go deep inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, the only surviving “Ancient Wonder of the World.” Astonishing and breathtaking. Built over 4,500 years ago, it was a burial site for a king named Khufu. It took 20 years to build and at its height of 481 feet, it held the record for being the tallest man-made structure for almost 4,000 years. How mind-blowing it was to actually touch 5,000 pound blocks of stone hand chiseled 4 millennia ago. And how overwhelming to think of the effort it took to stack these mammoth blocks into a structure the height of a 40-story building–without any modern equipment or technology.
The other tourism highlight was the Grand Egyptian Museum, which just fully opened this past November. Like the Pyramids, it’s also a massive structure that took decades to build, but it was constructed using GPS and laser-guided engineering tools, massive earth moving equipment, cranes, steel cabling, hydraulic lifts, etc. It cost a billion dollars just to build it.
It’s hard to miss the notable contrast between Ancient Egyptian architecture and our own. We go to great lengths to build museums. They went to even greater lengths to build tombs.
The finished Grand Egyptian Museum is now filled with 100,000 priceless artifacts, statues, and other relics that span the 2,500+ years of Ancient Egyptian history. (A number which makes America’s 250th birthday seem insignificant by comparison.)
The museum’s focal point is the King Tutankhamen exhibit. King Tut was a boy when he became king and he ruled only about 10 years, dying before he was 20. His only major accomplishment was building his own tomb. His tomb was not an above-ground pyramid like Khufu’s, rather Tut’s resting place was at ground level and got buried under sand, being discovered only about 100 years ago. Unlike almost all other tombs, his was never raided and the museum artfully displays just about all of its contents. The contents of young King Tut’s tomb tells us a lot about their view of death.
To say the Ancient Egyptians were obsessed with death is not an exaggeration.
- The elaborate Construction of tombs. Building the Great Pyramid encompassed the final 20-30 years of King Khufu’s life and constructing it required 20-30,000 skilled workers. Imagine the job postings for that project: “Recruiting hard laborers to build a ginormous tomb for King Khufu and to secure his journey into the afterlife. Must be able to lift 5,000 pounds.”
- The embalming of bodies. This was a laborious process which took the Ancient Egyptians 70 days. It involved removing and drying the organs in clay “canopic” jars, after which the rest of the body was dried with salts, then stuffed, and then wrapped in linen. King Tut’s embalmed body was placed in a coffin of solid gold (pictured above).
- The transporting of bodies. The embalmed bodies were then moved to their burial sites with meticulous care. Archaeology reveals various stations on the journey to entomb the kings into their final resting places. King Tut’s gold coffin was placed within several larger nested coffins–all of which went inside a massive stone sarcophagus vault within the burial chamber.
- Provisioning for the afterlife. Surrounding the body, the Ancient Egyptians then filled the chambers of the tomb to the brim with clothing and food and all the possessions of the king (substituting small models of larger items like boats). The museum displayed all of King Tut’s things, including the embalmed fetuses of his two miscarried children. We even got to see his underwear! All of this was found packed–very Tetris-like–into his tomb to provide for him in the afterlife.
The Ancient Egyptians’ obsession with death and the afterlife made me pause to reflect on our own relationship to death.
- Today, people are increasingly obsessed with “not dying” as I blogged about during the pandemic. Yet death is inevitable, as is seen in the Judeo-Christian teaching that “from dust you came and to dust you will return.” It’s not a matter of whether or not we will die, it’s a matter of when.
- For the Ancient Egyptian kings, their obsession wasn’t about avoiding death (they also saw it as inevitable), but on preparing for what happens after death.
- The Ancient Egyptians understood that humans are more than just biological. They recognized that people have a spirit or soul that will transcend our fleshly life. This aligns with Christian doctrine which teaches that all humans will die and have to face eternity–either with God, or apart from Him. Scripture says “it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment.” Many naturalists will one day wish they had adopted a wider view of human nature that acknowledges the soul.
- We don’t treat the interment of our deceased with anywhere near the meticulous care that the Egyptians did. The ancient Israelites also valued this, for example when Jacob and Joseph both asked that their bodies be embalmed and returned to the land of their ancestors. This isn’t emphasized as much in the Christian perspective.
- People today may complain about high funeral and cemetery costs, but compared to the Egyptian kings, investment in our resting places is negligible. Large cemetery monuments and family mausoleums are a thing of the past and even visiting gravesites is not as prioritized as in previous generations. One factor may be Christianity’s recognition that our dead loved ones are not really there as the body and soul are separated at death. Paul taught that “to be absent from the body is to be present with the Lord.” Another factor may be that modern technology provides us many more ways to honor and remember our loved ones in lieu of visiting their graves.
- We joke, “You never see a hearse pulling a U-Haul” and “You can’t take it with you,” but the Ancient Egyptians thought exactly the opposite. To them, you must physically take with you to your grave everything you’ll need in the afterlife–including clothes, food, and even model replicas of your possessions. They lived consistent with this worldview, which explains why a good chunk of their earthly lives were spent gathering things for the next.
- I’ll conclude my reflections by sharing two things that I personally appreciate about the Christian teaching on death:
- Christians don’t have to spend our lives laboring hard to attain a good afterlife. The clear teaching of the Bible is that eternal life is a free gift of God (Romans 6:23, Ephesians 2:8-9) and there’s nothing we need to do–or even can do–to get us there. My Christianity lets me live out my days with freedom and great joy, knowing that my eternity is already secure.
- Christians don’t have to fear death at all because Jesus conquered death once and for all. By dying for our sins and rising to live again, Jesus demonstrated that he has the power to undo death itself. Hebrews says: “Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?” Simple faith in what Jesus did for us is all that is required. As Jonathan Edwards modeled, we can face even certain death without fear. My Christianity allows me to live without obsessing about when my death may come. This enables me to remain joyful despite the risks and uncertainties of this mortal life.
I frequently meditate on this quote from Isaac the Syrian, a seventh century bishop: “Prepare your heart for departure. If you are wise, you will expect it every hour… And when the time of departure comes, go joyfully to meet it, saying: ‘Come in peace. I knew you would come, and I have not neglected anything that could help me on the journey.’”
That’s something to obsess about!
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In my last post, on 

You’ll note that for the first year or so, it seems the parent has zero control — indeed the child controls the parents! The baby cries: the parent feeds him. The child poops: and the parent rushes to change the diaper! Like it or not, that’s how it works!